Everyday Maths Guide

How to compare unit prices when shopping

Learn how to compare price per kg, litre, item or serving so supermarket offers, bulk packs and discounts are easier to judge.

Use the How to Compare Unit Prices When Shopping

To compare unit prices, divide the total price by the total quantity. The lower unit price is usually the better value, as long as the products are genuinely comparable.

The simple unit price formula

Unit price = total price ÷ quantity. If one pack costs £3 for 500g, the unit price is £3 ÷ 500g = 0.6p per gram, or £6 per kg.

Comparing two packs?

The unit price comparison calculator works out the cheaper option, saving per unit and percentage difference.

Compare unit prices

The unit price formula

A unit price turns different pack sizes into one fair comparison. Instead of comparing the headline price, you compare the price for one gram, kilogram, millilitre, litre, item or serving.

Unit price = total price ÷ total quantity Example: £4.50 for 750g £4.50 ÷ 750g = £0.006 per gram £0.006 × 1,000 = £6.00 per kg

The important part is using the same unit on both products. Do not compare one item per gram with another per kilogram unless you convert them first.

Always compare the same units

Most mistakes happen when two products use different quantities. Convert both products to the same unit before deciding which is cheaper.

Product type Common unit What to watch
Pasta, rice, cereal Price per kg or per 100g Large packs are not always cheaper once offers are included.
Milk, oil, drinks Price per litre or per 100ml Check whether the smaller bottle is on promotion.
Toilet roll, tablets, batteries Price per item Pack count matters more than pack size.
Meal kits or protein bars Price per serving Serving sizes may differ, so check the label.

Worked unit price examples

500g vs 1kg

Pack A costs £3 for 500g, so it is £6 per kg. Pack B costs £5 for 1kg, so it is £5 per kg. Pack B is cheaper per kg.

2 litres vs 1 litre

£2.50 for 2L is £1.25 per litre. £1.40 for 1L is £1.40 per litre. The 2L bottle is cheaper per litre.

12-pack vs 10-pack

£10 for 12 items is about 83p each. £8 for 10 items is 80p each. The 10-pack is cheaper per item.

Discounted small pack

If a 400g pack drops from £3 to £2.20, it becomes £5.50 per kg. Compare that against the larger pack before assuming bulk is better.

Include discounts before comparing

If one item is on offer, use the discounted price in the unit price calculation. A smaller pack with a strong discount can beat a larger pack that usually looks cheaper.

Original price = £4.00 Discount = 25% Discounted price = £4.00 × 0.75 = £3.00 Quantity = 600g Unit price = £3.00 ÷ 600g = 0.5p per gram Equivalent = £5.00 per kg

Use the discount calculator first if you need the sale price, then use that sale price in the unit price comparison.

When the cheapest unit price is not automatically best

A lower unit price is useful, but it should not be the only factor. Sometimes the cheapest item is larger than you need, lower quality, harder to store, or likely to go unused.

  • Waste: a cheaper large pack is poor value if half gets thrown away.
  • Quality: compare like with like where possible, not just the cheapest label.
  • Storage: bulk packs only help if you have space and will use them.
  • Cash flow: a lower unit price may still mean spending more today.
  • Different strengths: for concentrated products, compare usable servings or doses.

A quick method in the shop

If you do not want to do exact maths, round the prices and quantities to get a useful estimate. This is often enough to spot obvious poor value.

Fast shop-floor method

Convert both items to a common unit, round the price, divide, and compare. For exact receipts, use the calculator afterwards.

  1. Choose the same unit, such as kg, litre or item.
  2. Convert both quantities to that unit.
  3. Divide price by quantity.
  4. Pick the lower unit price if everything else is comparable.

Rounding and money values

For shopping, round the final unit price sensibly. Price per item is usually useful to the nearest penny. Price per gram may be easier to read as pence per 100g or pounds per kg.

Tip: For grocery comparisons, price per kg or litre is usually easier to understand than price per gram or millilitre.

FAQs

How do I calculate unit price?

Divide the total price by the total quantity. For example, £5 for 1kg is £5 per kg. £3 for 500g is £6 per kg.

Is the bigger pack always cheaper?

No. Bigger packs are often cheaper per unit, but promotions, discounts and pack sizes can change the result. Always compare the unit price.

Should I compare price per gram or price per kg?

Either can work, as long as both products use the same unit. For groceries, price per kg is usually easier to read.

How do discounts affect unit price?

Use the discounted price, not the original price. Then divide that discounted price by the quantity.

What if two products have different serving sizes?

Compare price per serving only if the servings are genuinely similar. Otherwise, compare price per gram, litre or item instead.